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Dentistry

Porcelain Crowns


Porcelain Crowns

Summary

Dental crowns improve both the strength and appearance of your teeth. A dental crown covers an individual tooth. They are custom made and they are designed to look like a natural tooth.

Reasons to get a dental bridge:

  • To protect a tooth that had a root canal
  • To protect a tooth that is weak
  • To hold a cracked tooth together and seal it from decay
  • To cover a discolored tooth
  • To restore a weak tooth
  • To improve the cosmetic appearance of a tooth
  • To support the replaced tooth in a bridge
  • To restore natural bite

Length of the procedure: 2 dental office visits

Hospital Stay:Dental crowns are placed in an outpatient procedure

Recovery before traveling home:Patients seeking dental crowns through medical tourism can return home in 3 weeks or sooner if they wish to make two trips.

Travel Tip:This procedure requires more than one procedure. You can stay the length of time between both procedures, which is typically 2 to 3 weeks or you can go home and return for your second procedure.

Procedure Details

The procedure will begin the administration of a local anesthetic to numb the area being treated. The tooth will then be cleaned and any decay will be removed using a dental drill. Then, the dentist will grind the tooth down so that the crown will fit better.

Once the area has been prepared the dentist can place the crown. They will apply dental putty first to make an impression of the tooth. This impression is sent to a laboratory so the permanent crown can be made. Then, the dentist will place a temporary crown over the tooth to protect it while the permanent crown is being made.

When the temporary crown is made you will return to the dentist office for your second procedure. The temporary crown will be removed. The tooth will again be cleaned and it will be roughed up with a drill. Etching acid and dental cement will be applied to the tooth and the cap will be placed.

After the Procedure

After your dental crown procedures are done you may experience some discomfort for a day or so. You may have some swelling and a dull ache. The cap may also have a strange feeling that takes some getting use to. The cap will be fully functional 24 hours after it is placed. You can care for a dental crown as you would your regular teeth.

Result

In general the placement of dental crowns is very successful. Many people have concerns about their dental crown looking natural. Fortunately the more advanced, modern dental crowns look and feel very natural. In general a dental crown lasts for about 10 years. However, a dental crown can last for less time if proper care of it is neglected. It is very important to follow your dentist care instruction and maintain an adequate oral hygiene routine.

Risks and Complications

As is with any procedure there are risks associated with getting dental crowns. The following is a list of the most common risks and complications:

  • Reaction to anesthetic or medication
  • Bleeding
  • Infection of treatment site
  • Structural injury or damage near implant site
  • Tooth injury or damage near implant site
  • Nerve damage
  • Tingling or numbness of the teeth, gums, lips or chin
  • Sinus problems
  • Receding gums
  • Debonding
  • Inflammation
  • Chipping
  • Hot cold sensitivity

Contact your physician if any of the following occur

  • Bleeding of gums
  • Gum pain
  • Sharp pain
  • Swelling is severe or persistent
  • Fever that is 100.4 degrees or higher
  • Chills
  • Sensitivity to food is severe
  • Chewing difficulty
  • Crown comes loose

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Dental Bone Graft


Dental Bone Graft

Overview

Usually dental bone grafts are done if there is bone missing in the jaw or there bone mass is low in height or width. A dental bone graft is deemed as a necessity when the jaw bone does not have sufficient bone to support and stabilize the dental implants. Usually the bone mass in the jaw can get reduced in height or width due to missing teeth, trauma to the bone, periodontal disease or it could also be genetic in nature.

Typically for dental bone grafts, three types of materials are used. One is autograft wherein the bone is taken from the patient's own mouth. Here the doctor harvests, and then introduces it into the area where the bone graft is required. The second type of bone graft is known as an allograft where synthetic bone is used after it is mixed with the patient's blood to promote bone growth. And the last type of bone graft is the xenograft where a bone is taken from a cow and used to promote bone growth in the required area of the jaw.

The dentist will wait for around 6 to 12 months before placing the dental implants. This time is necessary to ensure that the entire healing process is complete.

How Painful Are Dental Bone Grafts ?

Dental bone grafts are done using local anesthesia. It is a surgical procedure and is usually done in the dentist's office. Although during the procedure itself you will not feel any pain because of the anesthesia, after the procedure there will be pain once the effects of the anesthesia wear off.

After the dental bone graft procedure, you will experience swelling and some mild to moderate pain in surgical site. The doctor will give you analgesics and painkillers to help with the swelling and pain. You could also be given antibiotics to prevent onset of infection.

So, though it is a surgical procedure to introduce the bone graft, you will not experience any pain or discomfort. It is during the post-operative time that you will suffer from discomfort for a few days. In the worst case scenario, you can have an infection, which can be quite painful, or the bone graft will not integrate with the existing bone, which again can cause pain. However, these instances are very rare as dentists ensure that the surgical site is clean before the graft is introduced. In addition, if the bone graft is from your own body, there is no question of rejection.

Bone Grafts Risk

Just like any other surgical procedure requiring anesthesia, there are certain risks involved even with bone grafts. However, it must be said that based on research, 85 percent of patients requiring bone grafts return to normal life, while 25 percent patients need an additional operation due to the bone graft not healing properly.

Bone grafts can be autografts or allografts. Autograft is when the bone is taken from the patients own body, while allograft is when the bone is taken from a deceased donor. Here are the bone graft risks associated with autograft and allograft.

Autograft Risks and Drawbacks:

  • The patient needs to be kept under anesthesia for a longer duration of time in order to get the bone from his or her body for the procedure. This can cause problems.
  • The patient will have pain in the site from where the bone was taken, and there is an added risk of infection.
  • The amount of bone taken for the graft procedure is usually very small and may not be sufficient for entire region that needs a bone graft.
  • Infection can set in the bone graft region, and at times this can last for up to 2 years.

With autograft, the chances of rejection are not there but the above mentioned drawbacks and risks are always a cause of concern.

Allograft Risks and Drawbacks:

  • he bone from the donor takes a longer time to fuse with the patient's bone making the recovery period quite long.
  • There is a risk of transferring diseases from the donor to the patient.
  • The patient's immune system may attack the grafted bone and the body may reject it.

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Dentures


What are dentures?

Dentures are artificial devices to replace a partial or complete loss of teeth in the upper or lower jaw, and sometimes both. They are removable, and designed to emulate your own teeth and gums.

Who can benefit from having dentures?

Individual’s who have suffered from severe tooth and gum decay or injury, may be good candidates for dentures. They can be beneficial for several reasons, including boosting self-confidence, structuring the mouth and cheek areas and enabling the ability to bite down and chew food.

Procedure

There are different types of partial and complete dentures. The standard type of denture is created after any decaying teeth have been removed and remaining wounds have healed. Impressions of your mouth will be taken using a mould, and your dentist will choose the appropriate teeth shape, color and size for your mouth. The dentures will then be created and placed into your mouth to ensure a correct fit. Once this has been established, you will be able to wear your new dentures permanently following your next visit (you will normally be issued ‘immediate’ dentures until your permanent ones can be fitted), which are usually held in place by the natural suction of your gums. If you are only having partial dentures fitted, your remaining teeth may need to be shaped to sit flush against the denture. Partial dentures rest on a metal framework with clasps or fixings to hold the denture in place, alongside the artificial teeth and gums.

Recovery period

Your dentist will give you instructions on how to care for your dentures, what you can and cannot eat, and getting used to wearing and speaking with them. It is important to maintain a good standard of oral hygiene.

Risks

There are very few complications associated with dentures, but they do exist. These include loosening or lack of proper fit of the dentures, which can be uncomfortable and sometimes painful. Infection (oral thrush for example) can also develop if the dentures are not properly looked after.

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Full Mouth Restoration


What is a full mouth reconstruction?

When you have many broken, worn and/or multiple missing teeth, then a full mouth reconstruction may be required. This will often require every tooth to be restored with a combination of veneers, crowns, inlays, onlays, dental implants and dental bridgework.

In Shanghai, we have the experience and expertise to bring together the various advanced dental disciplines required to create full mouth reconstructions that not only look great but they function correctly, are healthy and will last for many years to come.

What does full mouth reconstruction involve?

The key to a successful full mouth reconstruction is thorough planning. Here is how it’s done:

1. Examination: A thorough examination of the teeth, gums, supporting bone, muscles and jaw joint/ TMJ is essential. The latest technology helps us identify and explain what dentistry is required in your full mouth reconstruction and why. Digital photography, Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA) and TekScan bite analysis are often crucial to plan and communicate your treatment needs.

Full Mouth RestorationFull Mouth Restoration

2. Computer Aided Smile Design: It’s vital that your full mouth reconstruction not only functions perfectly but looks great. Our extensive experience in cosmetic dentistry allows us to perfectly combine form and function. The latest in Computer Aided Smile Design technology allows us to discuss and show you the aesthetic outcome before we touch a tooth!

Full Mouth Restoration

3. 3D Preview: Detailed impressions and bite records allow us to transform the imaging picture into a 3D model. Not just on the computer but a model you can pick up and examine. You can check the aesthetics from every angle, and we can check the function. This is an essential step in the planning of predictable full mouth reconstructions.

4. Temporaries: After teeth are prepared for your full mouth reconstruction temporaries are placed that replicate the 3D model exactly. You can trial the proposed full mouth reconstruction in your own mouth, before anything is finalised. These temporaries can be fine tuned to your precise aesthetic and functional requirements and any changes can be duplicated in the finished restorations.

5. Fitting your full mouth reconstruction: exactly as we've planned it with you! Our master ceramist duplicates the smile design and function (from the temporaries and 3D model) in the final restorations and adds the fine colour, surface anatomy and texture to bring your new full mouth reconstruction to life!

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Maxillofacial Surgery


Maxillofacial Surgery

Summary

Maxillofacial Surgery is a grouped term that refers to any surgery on the mouth, jaw or neck. It is used to treat injury, birth defects and even severely impacted wisdom teeth. The surgery is performed by a specialist called a maxillofacial surgeon whom has special training in this field.

Patients who may need maxillofacial surgery:

  • Cancer patients
  • Those with facial tumor
  • Accident victims
  • People with cleft palate
  • People born with facial deformity
  • People with nerve damage
  • Those with severe orthodontic issues
  • Those with severe gum disease

Length of the procedure: Varies depending on the procedure

Hospital Stay:Patients are released from care the same day for many of these procedures, occasionally a brief hospital stay may be required.

Recovery before traveling home:Patients seeking a maxillofacial surgery through medical tourism can return home 48 hours after their procedure in most cases.

Travel Tip:It is best to plan a week stay after maxillofacial surgery. This will allow for proper post operative care.

Procedure Details

The procedure will begin with the administration of general anesthesia or sedative to relax or put you to sleep. The surgeon will make the necessary corrections to your face, jaw, mouth or neck. This may include realignment of bones, setting of bones with pins or plates, and extraction of teeth. Tissue may also be removed or grafted.

After the Procedure

After your maxillofacial surgery you will be moved to a recovery area to be monitored. The nursing staff will carefully monitor your vital signs during this time. When you have recovered from your anesthesia or sedative the staff will release you from care or they will move you to a regular hospital room for continued care.

You may have a dressing covering your surgical wound. Keep this dressing on until your doctor says you can remove it. Follow all instructions for eating, drinking and oral hygiene very carefully during the recovery process.

Side Effects of maxillofacial surgery:

  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Bruising
  • Stiffness

Self care after maxillofacial surgery:

  • No smoking for 3 days
  • Ice for swelling and discomfort
  • Take pain medication as prescribed
  • Avoid eating hot food, spicy food or acidic food
  • Avoid using a straw
  • No spitting

Result

Most people begin to feel better within 6 weeks of maxillofacial surgery. However the entire healing process may take up to 12 months for some people. Additionally, some patients may require more than one maxillofacial surgery to treat the problem they are experiencing. Once all the surgical procedures are complete, and healing is complete the results of maxillofacial surgery are quite favorable.

Risks and Complications

As is with any procedure there are risks associated with maxillofacial surgery. The following is a list of the most common risks and complications:

  • Reaction to anesthesia or medication
  • Bleeding
  • Infection of surgical wound
  • Breathing problems
  • Deep vein thrombosis
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Blood clot
  • Bed Sore
  • Scarring
  • Nerve injury
  • Rejection of bone graft
  • Incomplete correction or treatment
  • Function issues with jaw
  • Muscular damage

Contact your physician if any of the following occur

  • Bleeding restarts or continues after 24 hours
  • Swelling reoccurs or is excessive
  • Excessive nausea or vomiting
  • Sutures come apart
  • Pain is excessive and uncontrolled by medication
  • Fever 100.4 degrees or higher
  • Chills

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Implants


Summary

Dental implants are artificial teeth that replace natural teeth that are missing. They are categorized as a prosthetic, but look more natural than any of the other tooth replacement alternatives. Additionally, the function of dental implants is far greater than other alternatives.

In the past the process of getting dental implants was quite lengthy, taking 3 to 6 months for placement. However, more advanced procedures now allow for same day or immediate load dental implants. This shortens the procedure drastically, and allows people to travel overseas to get dental implants without requiring repeat or lengthy stays. However, many dentists still recommend that patients wait 4 months before the permanent implants are inserted.

Length of the procedure: 15 to 20 minutes per post

Hospital Stay:Dental bridges are placed in an outpatient procedure

Recovery before traveling home:Patients seeking dental implants through medical tourism can return home 24 to 48 hours after their procedure in most cases.

Travel Tip:It is best to plan to stay a few days beyond your dental implant procedure. This ensures that care is available to you should a complication arise or rejection of the implant occur.

Procedure Details

The procedure will begin with the administration a local anesthetic. The dentist will begin by preparing the socket of the dental implant, which may involve removing the natural tooth and clearing debris from the bone socket. The socket is then drilled with a bone drill to further prepare for the implant.

Once the socket is prepared the dental implant is placed. The implant is tested with a torque wrench to ensure it can withstand force. Next, and abutment is attached to the implant and an x-ray is done to confirm successful implantation. The procedure is finalized with a temporary crown so the patient does not appear toothless while the permanent crown is being made.

After the Procedure

After your dental implant procedure you are released from care immediately. However, you can expect a certain amount of discomfort in the days immediately following the procedure. Side effects after dental implant placement may include swelling of the gums and face, pain at implant site, bruising of skin and gums and minor bleeding.

Self care after dental bridge placement:

  • Eat only soft foods for 5 to 7 days
  • Take antibiotic to prevent infection
  • No physical activity for 3 days
  • No alcohol, nicotine or tea for 3 days
  • Clean teeth thoroughly and carefully
  • Use dental floss
  • Avoid hot liquids and food for a few days
  • Use ice for swelling and pain
  • Do not push tongue on dental implant for 2 to 4 weeks

Result

In general the placement of dental implants is quite successful. Occasionally, the dental implant fails to fuse with the patient’s bone. When this happens the dental implant must be removed and the procedure can be repeated in a month or two. Patients can increase the success of a dental implant taking by practicing good oral hygiene, keeping all dental appointments and avoiding chewing hard candy, ice and other hard foods that may crack the dental crown.

Risks and Complications

As is with any procedure there are risks associated with getting dental implants. The following is a list of the most common risks and complications:

  • Reaction to anesthetic or medication
  • Bleeding
  • Infection of implant site
  • Structural injury or damage near implant site
  • Tooth injury or damage near implant site
  • Nerve damage
  • Tingling or numbness of the teeth, gums, lips or chin
  • Sinus problems

Contact your physician if any of the following occur

  • Bleeding continues or reoccurs
  • Pain continues, reoccurs or is uncontrolled by medication
  • Sutures come apart
  • Swelling persists or reoccurs
  • Fever is 100.4 degrees or higher
  • Chills
  • Nausea or vomiting are severe

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Porcelain Inlays

What are porcelain inlays?

Porcelain inlays are similar to fillings; they sit inside the tooth - usually the back teeth where chewing takes place. The porcelain material used creates a natural look, as your dentist can match it to the color of your original teeth.

Who can benefit from having porcelain inlays?

More durable than a filling, porcelain inlays are used to fill in the tooth or teeth when they are too decayed to take a filling.

Procedure

You will normally be placed under a local anesthetic to numb the area of the mouth. Any decay is then removed from the tooth or teeth, which are then shaped before a mould is taken. The mould is sent over to a dental laboratory where they will create your new porcelain inlays to fit exactly into your teeth and match the original color. You will be given temporary fillings while your porcelain inlays are being created. On your second visit, your dentist will ‘cement’ the porcelain inlays into the teeth, using a special bonding agent. If needed, the tooth is shaped and then polished.

Recovery period

Porcelain inlays should for a good many years, and are a lot more durable than fillings. There are no particular special requirements following the fitting of your porcelain inlays, but you may find your teeth are slightly more sensitive for the first few days. It is important to maintain good oral hygiene, and your dentist will talk you through this.

Risks

There are few risks associated with porcelain inlays; these include loosening and cracking of the inlay, in which case you will need to have it (or them) replaced.

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Inman Aligner


What is Inman Aligner?

Inman Aligners are a type of orthodontic appliance that can straighten or move your teeth to the desired position. Many dentists use the Inman Aligner as an alternative to the Invisalign invisible braces system. The Aligners are restricted to the level of movement that they can achieve and generally work better on misalignments of the upper and lower front teeth. They are not suitable for cases where the teeth are heavily crowded for example. After a consultation, your dentist will be able to determine if you are suitable for treatment with the Inman Aligner.

Unlike the Invisalign system, the Inman Aligner is not entirely clear and has a visible metal bar that shows across the front of the teeth. However, the Inman Aligner does have many of the same benefits as the invisible braces system.

Inman AlignerInman Aligner

How does the Aligner work?

Similar to the Invisalign system, the Inman Aligner is a removable appliance used to move the teeth over time. It relies on forces created by a coiled spring on the lingual side of the aligner (that on the inside or back of the teeth), and a bar that sits across the front of the teeth to “squeeze” the teeth into position by “pushing” and “pulling” them into position. The animation above illustrates the forces involved in the movement.

How long does treatment with the aligner take?

Treatment times are generally shorter than with most invisible braces systems, with treatment times varying from six to 16 weeks. The speed of the results is highly dependent on how long you wear the appliance for each day. With the Inman Aligner you can take the appliance off; however, the longer you wear it, the quicker you’ll see results. It is recommended that you wear the aligner for around 20 hours a day, every day, if possible.

Is it uncomfortable?

Just like any new appliance in your mouth, it may feel uncomfortable at first and will take some getting used to. Many patients say that it initially affects their speech and causes them to salivate more, but after about a week or so you should become accustomed to wearing the Aligner.

Inman AlignerInman Aligner

How much does Inman Aligner cost?

The cost of treatment with the Inman Aligner is significantly less than the comparable treatment with invisible braces; however, the exact cost will depend on many factors, such as:

How complicated the treatment is, the amount of movement required, the level of expertise of the dentist, the practice where the treatment is carried out and the length of treatment.

Expect to pay between $2050 and $4100 per treatment in Western countries.

What are the advantages of the Inman Aligner system? Shorter treatment times than invisible braces; Removable, so that you can eat and clean your teeth easily during treatment; Cheaper than invisible braces. Only one Aligner is needed for the entire treatment. As far as its disadvantages, it is not as discreet as the invisalign system. The level of movement that can be achieved with this system is limited. There are currently not as many clinics offering this treatment as invisalign, so it is harder to find a local practitioner.

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Root Canal Treatment


What is root canal treatment?

Root canal treatment (otherwise known as endodontic treatment) is a procedure to remove damaged or decayed ‘pulp’. Pulp is the name used to describe the blood and nerve supply that stretches into the root of the tooth through the root canal. The canal is removed of decay and filled in during the root canal treatment.

Who can benefit from having root canal treatment?

Root canal treatment is usually the best option for someone whose pulp has become infected or damaged. This may be because of an untreated cavity in the tooth where the infection has eventually filtered down into the pulp. Other reasons include damage to the pulp via injury or repeated dental procedures within the tooth. Gum disease may also lead to the need for root canal treatment.

Procedure

Root canal treatment usually takes place under a local anesthetic. A hole is drilled through the tooth and any decayed pulp removed. The root is then cleaned, measured and enlarged to receive the filler. Once filled, either a temporary filling (if you need to go back for a second visit), or a permanent filling is placed into the tooth. The permanent filling is used to seal the tooth shut – a crown may also be fitted onto the surface of the tooth to help protect it, depending on the extent of decay to the tooth structure. You may need to have treatment over several visits depending on which tooth, and how many are affected.

Recovery period

Following your root canal treatment you should not encounter any more pain, although your tooth may be sensitive for a few days and you may experience some swelling (you can take painkillers for this). It is important to maintain good oral hygiene, and to avoid chewing or biting down hard on the tooth for a short while after your root canal treatment. Your tooth will be monitored by your dentist to make sure that it is healing successfully.

Risks

Complications following root canal treatment include bleeding, swelling, pain, infection and incomplete treatment of the root canal resulting in the need for a second treatment.

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Teeth Bonding


Dental bonding is a technique that has been used in cosmetic dentistry for many years and can transform your smile in just a single visit. The process involves the skilful/artistic use of the correct amount and colour of "dental composite", which is a mouldable material with a paste-like consistency made from acrylic resins and a variety of fillers, depending on the type used. Bonding is used for a variety of cosmetic dental procedures, including:

  • Filling dental cavities - "white fillings"
  • Replacing metal or amalgam fillings
  • Repairing broken and chipped teeth
  • Closing gaps between teeth (diastamas)
  • Reshaping teeth

Can bonding be used for all cavities?

Bonding is not suitable if you have large cavities in your teeth, as the material does not have a strong structure over large areas. Bonding is ideal for small fillings that are not exposed to great forces. With recent advances in dental technology, many dentists are turning to the use of CAD/CAM CEREC technology to produce ceramic fillings (inlays), which have the advantages of both strength and aesthetics and can be fitted in the same visit within an hour. Some practices may have their dental technicians fabricate a ceramic filling, which can take two to three weeks.

So what is the procedure of composite bonding?

If the procedure requires a local anaesthetic (not all bonding procedures do), your dentist will first numb the area by injecting a local anaesthetic into the gum area around the tooth. The tooth surface where the composite will be applied is thoroughly cleaned to remove any debris or tartar accumulation, as the composite needs a clean surface to bond to. Once the correct shade of composite has been selected by your dentist, the tooth is kept dry by surrounding it with cotton rolls or a latex sheet (rubber dam), and then shaped or roughened by the dentist using a special tool.

The surface of the tooth is then etched with a special phosphoric-acid-based gel, which provides a better surface for the composite to adhere to. The composite (bonding agent) is then applied to the etched tooth surface and exposed to a special light source (curing light), which activates the composite to harden and set. The bonding agent is often applied to the tooth in several thin layers (1mm-2 mm) until the desired shape, translucency and texture is achieved. The final step involves polishing and buffing the composite to give the desired shape and smooth finish.

What are the disadvantages of composite bonding?

The main drawbacks of bonding are that it doesn’t have the strength of other restorative materials such as ceramic or porcelain, and it has a greater tendency to stain than your surrounding natural teeth or porcelain.

Can any dentist carry out bonding?

Yes. However, you must note that bonding requires a high level of artistic skill and not all dentists are equally skilled. Some cosmetic dentists will have undertaken extensive postgraduate training in the field of dental bonding. Be sure to ask your dentist what experience he/she has in this area and if you can see photos of their previous work.

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Porcelain Veneers


Summary

Porcelain veneers are thin tooth coverings that usually made from ceramic or porcelain. They are custom made to fit over your existing teeth. They only cover the front of a tooth that is cosmetically unappealing.

Reasons to get dental veneers:

  • Spaces between teeth
  • Broken Teeth
  • Chipped teeth
  • Stained fillings
  • Stained teeth
  • Crooked or uneven teeth

They made from fine, layered porcelain where veneers are thin shells that attach to front teeth to reshape, recolor, and rejuvenate. Each veneers is designed according to exacting specifications, and made to complement your appearance, personality, and unique smile. We work with talented dental ceramists who use quality dental materials to craft stain-resistant, long-lasting, natural-looking porcelain veneers. Change your smile, change your life. Start today.

Length of the procedure: 3 dental office visits

Hospital Stay:Porcelain veneers are placed in an outpatient procedure

Recovery before traveling home:Patients seeking dental veneers through medical tourism can return home in one week in most cases.

Travel Tip:This procedure requires more than one procedure. It is best to plan a one week vacation so you can accommodate all three visits to the dentist. Choose a destination interests you so you can sightsee and relax in between the dental visits.

Procedure Details

On your first visit to the dentist they discuss your desired outcome and create a smile design using specialized software. They will prepare your teeth for the dental veneers by removing some of your tooth surface. This makes space for the dental veneers. They will also take an impression of your teeth to create a mold for the creation of the dental veneers.

When you return to the dentist for your second visit the dentist will check out the fit on your dental veneers. The dentist must check both the function and cosmetic appeal of the dental veneer. If the dental veneer does not fit correctly or look right the dentist may take an additional mold and you will need to schedule another appointment.

If the dental veneer fits correctly and looks right on the second visit no third visit is required. The dentist can bond the dental veneer to your tooth at this time. To do this the dentist will cleanse your teeth with a chemical solution that enhances the bonding process. Then, they will use dental cement to adhere the dental veneer to your tooth. To harden the cement a special light beam is shined on your teeth.

After the Procedure

After the dental veneers are placed in your mouth you may feel strange for a few weeks. This feeling will subside rather quickly. During the first visit and the placement of your dental veneers your may feel rough and strange, but this is completely normal as well. You can have a temporary neneer placed if this is bothersome.

Self care after dental placement:

  • Avoid frequent snacks
  • Brush and floss regularly
  • Have regular dental check ups
  • Avoid eating staining foods
  • Avoid abrasive toothpaste
  • Do not bite on hard objects like pens, nails etc.
  • Wear a mouth protector when participating in contact sports

Result

Most people are quite pleased with their decision to get dental veneers. However, it is important to note that dental veneers are not permanent; they must be replaced every 5 to 10 years. They may last longer with good care, and some patients report that their dental veneers last for 10 to 15 years.

Risks and Complications

As is with any procedure there are risks associated with getting dental veneers. The following is a list of the most common risks and complications:

  • Reaction to anesthetic or medication
  • Placement is irreversible
  • Veneer breakage
  • Veneer damage
  • Damage to the tooth structure
  • Tooth sensitivity
  • Cosmetically unappealing
  • Speech change
  • Function change

Contact your physician if any of the following occur

  • Pain increases or suddenly develops
  • Inflammation of the gums or mouth
  • Bleeding gums
  • Bleeding around the tooth
  • Damage to the veneer
  • Extreme sensitivity to hot or cold foods
  • Sign of cavity

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Teeth Whitening


What is teeth whitening?

Teeth whitening is a procedure to lighten the color of discolored or stained teeth.

Who can benefit from having teeth whitening?

Smoking, drinking tea, coffee and wine, decay and aging are all contributing factors to staining and discoloration. Teeth whitening can rectify these problems, and boost an individual’s self-confidence by giving them a brighter smile.

Procedure

Internal and external bleaching are the two main methods of teeth whitening.

  • Internal bleaching - Internal bleaching is where the bleaching agent is placed inside the tooth. Firstly, the roots of the teeth are prepared by filling them with rubber, and the bleach inserted into holes that are drilled into the teeth (this may be over two separate treatments). Temporary fillings are then fitted. On your return to the dentist, the fillings are removed and the bleach taken out. The remaining holes are then filled using a natural colored filling to match the new tooth color.
  • External bleaching - External bleaching means that the bleaching product is placed on the outside of the tooth. This can be done at home, at the dentist or as a combination of the two. If you choose to use home bleaching, you will need to visit your dentist who will take a mould of your teeth. This is to create two rubber trays that will sit flush around the teeth. Once home, these trays are then filled with the bleaching product and should be left in for a few hours at a time to achieve the desired color. If you choose for your dentist to perform the teeth whitening procedure, a bleaching agent is painted onto the teeth and a bright light shined intensely at them. Sometimes a rubber seal may be placed around the gums to protect them from the light.

Results

The whiteness of your teeth will depend on how discolored they were initially, and whether you continue to smoke, and eat and drink color staining products. Results can also depend on the type of procedure used, and can last anything from a few months to a few years.

Risks

There is a small risk that the light or bleaching agent used can reach the gums and cause a reaction. Teeth may also become more sensitive following the teeth whitening procedure.

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Dental Bridges


Dental Bridges hold a false tooth in place, essentially bridging the gap where there was a missing tooth. Two crowns are placed, one on the tooth on either side of the gap. Then, the false tooth goes on the bridge in the middle.

 

Reasons to get a dental bridge:

Tooth loss because of disease
Tooth loss because of decay
Tooth loss because of injury
To maintain optimal function for eating and speaking

Length of the procedure: 2 dental office visits
Hospital Stay:Dental bridges are placed in an outpatient procedure
Recovery before traveling home: Patients seeking a dental bridge through medical tourism can return home in 3 weeks or sooner if they wish to make two trips.
Travel Tip:This procedure requires more than one procedure. You can stay the length of time between both procedures, which is typically 2 to 3 weeks or you can go home and return for your second procedure.

Procedure Details
The procedure will begin the administration of a local anesthetic to numb the area being treated. The dentist will remove any decay or damage from the spot being treated. The teeth adjacent to the missing tooth will be prepared or shaped so they can accommodate the crown that will be placed over them for the dental bridge.
Once the teeth have been prepared an impression will be made using dental putty. This impression is the mold that the dental laboratory will use to make the bridge, false tooth and crowns. After the mold is taken the dentist will place a temporary dental bridge in your mouth to protect your teeth and gums.
When your permanent dental bridge comes in from the dental laboratory you will return for your second procedure. The dentist will remove the temporary dental bridge and check the fit on the permanent dental bridge. They will make any necessary changes to the natural teeth to accommodate the permanent dental bridge. Then, they will place the permanent dental bridge using dental cement.

 After the Procedure

After your dental bridge is placed your mouth and teeth may feel strange for a few weeks. It is not uncommon for them to feel loose, sore, irritated or even misaligned at first. All of these symptoms should subside within 6 to 8 weeks.

Self care after dental bridge placement:

  • Use a floss threader to floss a fixed bridge.
  • Keep dental bridge area very clean.
  • Take removable bridges out to clean area and bridge.
  • Avoid extremely cold or hot beverage.

result

It is very rare that the placement of a dental bridge is not successful. A dental bridge is very successful at preventing teeth from drifting out of place. It can also prevent bone loss. Dental bridges last about 10 years with good care. For a dental bridge to last a patient must be committed to good oral hygiene including flossing, brushing and rinsing at least twice daily.

Risks and Complications

As is with any procedure there are risks associated with getting dental bridge. The following is a list of the most common risks and complications:

  • Reaction to anesthetic or medication
  • Bleeding
  • Structural injury or damage near implant site
  • Tooth injury or damage near implant site
  • Nerve damage
  • Weakening of the natural teeth
  • Breakage of the natural teeth
  • Death of the natural teeth
  • Loosening of the cap
  • Loosening of the bridge
  • Hot cold sensitivity
  • Inflammation of the gums

Contact your physician if any of the following occur

  • Bleeding of gums
  • Gum pain
  • Sharp pain
  • Swelling is severe or persistent
  • Fever that is 100.4 degrees or higher
  • Chills
  • Sensitivity to food is severe
  • Chewing difficulty
  • Crown or bridge comes loose
  • Damage or injury to mouth

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Orthodontics

Orthodontics is the appliance by stainless steel brackets, ceramic brackets, applying mechanical force to the teeth, the teeth are arranged in rows, restore normal occlusion. Oral orthodontic treatment by the biomechanical principle of malocclusion deformity correction. By the treatment system with gentle and persistent biological force, namely, 20 per square centimeter to 26 grams of force value, the mobile can complete teeth, and does not damage the teeth and surrounding tissues of healthy.

Is the disordered arrangement of teeth are neat, improve facial profile, a beautiful smile, a very common dental cosmetology way. Health, let the teeth and gums, periodontal tissue keep healthy by orthodontic treatment; at the same time, enhance self-confidence, mental health. Function, is a means to improve the masticatory function by orthodontic treatment, eat. Stable, is to keep the orthodontic treatment results, to avoid recurrence.

Children and adult can orthodontic treatment. Masticatory pain, temporomandibular joint pain caused by occlusal disorders, should be the orthodontic treatment.

 

treatment

Stealth correction

 

What is invisible and transparent braces? This is a kind of advanced dental orthodontic method.

Traditional orthodontic device is in the tooth bonding called bracket of iron, the correction arch wire ligation, the teeth move, achieve orthodontic correction purposes. But because the tooth above a lot of correction device, give a person "silver tongue" feeling. At the same time, if the oral hygiene maintenance is not good, may cause gingival inflammation, enamel demineralization discoloration oral lesions, so many patients, especially in patients with adult look "correction" and intimidating. So, non stealth orthodontic brackets and braces emerge as the times require.

Invisible orthodontic is transparent to 3D stereo computer technology new, tailored a series of almost imperceptible transparent denture. The advantages of invisible transparent orthodontic: beautiful, comfortable, convenient, clean, convenient.

 

Straight wire

At the end of the eighty's, Beijing Medical University Department of Orthodontics will straight wire appliance orthodontic clinical introduced into China, and in the early ninety's to develop domestic straight wire appliance bracket and molar buccal tube; thereafter, the Chinese straight wire appliance all basic data for the research of normal.


MBT  

Improved MBT appliance on the traditional straight wire technique improvement, mainly reflected in preadjusted brackets various pre diagnosis technology bow, positioning technology, a new simplified archwire sequence, an effective anchorage control, precise individual tooth adjustment, simple and visible tooth movement plan, control and ankle condyle position.

 


Removable orthodontic

Removable appliance is a dental orthodontic device by the patient to pick wear. It with fixed appliance constitute two systems of teeth in orthodontic technique. Removable appliance includes ordinary activities appliance, functional appliances, holding removable appliance etc.The orthodontic method is practical too.



 

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Ceramic Teeth

Ceramic Teeth

 

The porcelain fused to metal crown also known as porcelain fused to metal crown(metal-ceramic crown). It is the full crown porcelain powder after high temperature sintering is attached to the metal surface and the formation of the crown. Porcelain fused to metal crown in current clinical use most of the crowns, the advantages of casting metal full crown and mechanical strength of all ceramic crown and beautiful, is a kind of ideal repair body.

 

classification

 

Porcelain teeth by internal porcelain layer and external metal base layer of two layers, according to its different metal crown materials into three categories: noble metal alloy porcelain crown (with gold alloy porcelain crown as the representative), non noble metal alloy PFM crown (with Ni Cr alloy porcelain crown, cobalt chromium alloy porcelain crown for the representative), titanium porcelain crown.

Precious metal alloy porcelain crown

The use of noble metal porcelain crowns made of metal crown is called noble metal porcelain crown. The precious metal is chemically inert good which has antioxidant and anti corrosion ability. The most commonly used dental precious metals including: gold, platinum, palladium.


Non noble metal alloy porcelain crown

The use of non precious metal ceramic crowns made of the metal basal crowns are called non noble metal porcelain crown. Non noble metal easily at high temperature oxidation, corrosion resistant capability is relatively weak, especially in the wet in the oral environment, easy separation of metal ions, can cause gingival grey dye color, part of the metal has sensitization. Non noble metal most commonly used in dentistry: nickel, chromium, including cobalt, aluminum etc.

Titanium alloy porcelain crown
Titanium belongs to the category of non precious metal, but because it has many different characteristics, so it is listed separately. Titanium has the advantage of compatibility, corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, good biological. But because of its high melting point; casting processing difficulty; easily oxidized, combined with the metal base and the porcelain layer is relatively poor, prone to porcelain layer off; need to use special ceramic powder processing, limits its application.

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Mandibular Angle Resection


Mandibular Angle Resection  

Mandibular angle plasty through the removal of mandibular angle too prominent part, to restore the normal morphology of mandibular angle, face to the beautiful oval or oval face. Mandibular angle plasty features mainly in security, fast recovery, less pain and so on, the most important is can effectively according to the specific situation to face individual specific selection, by extraoral approach, transoral approach and combined approach and so on treatment to effectively improve the face, make facial achieve radian to achieve smooth, oval face real.


 

treatment

 
Extraoral incision

 

In the angle of the jaw to make a 3-5 cm incision of the mandibular angle. Advantages: the operation is performed under direct vision, relatively safe; not in need of sophisticated equipment, instruments, can also be a masticatory muscle part cut off.

ear incision

Make a 3-4 cm incision of mandibular angle in the ear. Advantages: relatively covert incision, the operation is relatively simple.


joint gap

Application of the oral cavity of 3-4 cm incision and mandibular V two 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm incision size, is very convenient to remove the hypertrophy of the mandibular angle, and can be removed or grinding the outer plate of the mandible and the mandibular, partial resection of the masseter muscle. Advantages: the operation is very convenient, many beginners are used in the method. Micro incision submandibular after a period of recovery, will not be obvious traces.

Mandibular micro incision

Application of combined incisions and saw 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm of small incision operation process of all, incision in the mandibular below, 3 to 6 months after the incision will not obvious. The advantages of this method: no incision inside the mouth, so the operation trauma, faster postoperative recovery.


Completely intraoral excision

It is currently the best operation method. Is the application of the oral cavity of 3 cm to 4 cm incision arc cutting prominent mandibular angle, and can be removed or grinding the outer plate of the mandible and the mandibular, can remove part of masseter muscle. [1] advantages: because the entire operation only intraoral incision, surface without leaving any operation scar, wound and incision operation with respect to the small, restore speed obviously.

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Periodontal Flap Surgery

Periodontal Flap Surgery

 

Periodontal flap surgery, refers to the operation incision is different, the tissue isolation and below the gingival, gingival flap formation, exposure to diseased area of root surface and alveolar bone, providing debridement approach and visibility. Curettage of lesion and plaque calculus, gingival flap was reset in the proper position and suture, to eliminate the tooth week bag or pocket shallowing objective.

 

Summary

 

We should first talk from the etiology of periodontal disease. We know, periodontal pathogens come together and form a plaque is caused by the initiation factor of periodontitis, and host immune response against these pathogens determines the severity of periodontitis. Therefore, the treatment of periodontitis, in the final analysis to eliminate the pathogenic factor -- for the purpose of dental plaque. While the mechanical removal of plaque, such as tooth Zhou Jiezhi (i.e. "Scaling"), scaling and root planing etc.. Pathological periodontitis is the most important change in junctional epithelium gingival to the root direction formed tooth week bag, causing gingival beneath the alveolar bone absorption, gradually lead to tooth mobility, displacement, abscission (deepened periodontal pockets and resorption of bone defect, caused in turn will also be promoting factors, plaque accumulation and increasing the patient's condition and the difficulty of treatment. For deeper, with complex bone defect or molar furcation periodontal pockets, simply by scaling, scaling, root planing, periodontal therapy is difficult to completely eliminate, at this time, should be treated by the method of periodontal operation. The flap operation, even for the most widely used periodontal pocket a periodontal operation method.

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Dental Restoration


Dental Restoration


 

Dental restoration including aesthetic repair, repair and treatment of recovery repair. Aesthetic repair is for poorer crown abnormal color (such as tetracycline stained teeth dental fluorosis) tooth deformity (such as conical enamel hypoplasia), tooth gap is too large, the crown morphology abnormalities, tooth arrangement of mild displacement adjustment; function restoration includes defect of teeth, dentition defect, repair of dental and maxillofacial defects missing; treatment response correction repair including periodontal disease and temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome.

 

restoration

 

Restoration is mainly divided into three categories: fixed prosthesis, prosthesis, implant.

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Fixed restoration

Fixed restoration is subdivided into: metal restoration, PFM, all ceramic restoration. Repair is mainly suitable for missing teeth, teeth, small teeth defect color morphological abnormalities teeth, dentition.

Active restoration

What are the types of restoration materials? Active repair body is divided into two categories: removable partial denture and complete denture. Mainly for the missing teeth or more complete teeth missing, the remaining tooth mobility, patients are not willing to grind teeth and is not suitable for the situation of fixed restoration. The repairing effect not fixed, so the most preferred fixed prosthesis.

Implant restoration

DR. Tyrone put the metal implant post or biological ceramic pile through proper operation planted in the alveolar bone, mimic the effect of autogenous root, then placed restorations in planting pile. Suitable for fixed restoration, also suitable for repair activities, is the development direction of modern repair. Implant has some advantages: implant denture support, retention and stabilization function better, can avoid or reduce the prepared tooth fixed partial denture restoration is comfortable, relative activity. The implants, the main problems: the price is high; to go through complex planting operation, the general need to do 1-2 times operation. And repair the longer course of treatment, rehabilitation treatment for three months to one year: implants on oral cavity cleaning, care and maintenance requirements higher implant.


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Dentistry

Orthodontics

   Orthodontics, formally orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, is the first specialty of dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusions (improper bites), which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both. Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement only, or can deal with the control and modification of facial growth. In the latter case it is better defined as "dentofacial orthopaedics".

Methods

For comprehensive orthodontic treatment, most commonly, metal wires ("Jushi") are inserted into orthodontic brackets (see dental braces), which can be made from stainless steel or a more aesthetic ceramic material. The wires interact with the brackets to move teeth into the desired positions. Other methods may include Invisalign, which consists of clear plastic aligners that move teeth.


Additional components—including removable appliances ("plates"), headgear, expansion appliances, and many other devices—may also be used to move teeth and jaw bones. Functional appliances, for example, are used in growing patients (age 5 to 14) with the aim of modifying the jaw dimensions and relationship if these are altered. This therapy, termed Dentofacial Orthopedics, is frequently followed by fixed multibracket therapy ("full braces") to align the teeth and refine theocclusion.

Hawley retainers are the most common type of retainers. This picture shows retainers for the top and bottom of the mouth.

 Orthodontics is the study of dentistry that is concerned with the treatment of improper bites, and crooked teeth. Orthodontic treatment can help fix the patient's teeth and set them in the right place. Orthodontists usually use braces and retainers to set the patient's teeth.[1] There are, however, orthodontists who work on reconstructing the entire face rather than focusing exclusively on teeth. After a course of active orthodontic treatment, patients will typically wear retainers, which maintain the teeth in their improved positions while surrounding bone reforms around them. The retainers are generally worn full-time for a period, anywhere from just a few days to a year, then part-time (typically, nightly during sleep) for as long as the orthodontist recommends. It is possible for the teeth to stay aligned without regular retainer wear. However, there are many reasons teeth will crowd as a person ages, whether or not the individual ever experienced orthodontic treatment; thus there is no guarantee that teeth will stay aligned without retention. For this reason, many orthodontists prescribe night-time or part-time retainer wear for many years after orthodontic treatment (potentially for life). Adult orthodontic patients are more likely to need lifetime retention.


Diagnosis and treatment planning


In diagnosis and treatment planning, the orthodontist must (1) recognize the various characteristics of a malocclusion or dentofacial deformity; (2) define the nature of the problem, including the etiology if possible;(3) design a treatment strategy based on the specific needs and desires of the individual; and (4) present the treatment strategy to the patient in such a way that the patient fully understands the ramifications of his/her decision.



Cosmetic dentistry

Cosmetic dentistry  is generally used to refer to any dental work that improves the appearance (though not necessarily the function) of a person's teeth, gums and/or bite. Many dentists refer to themselves as "cosmetic dentists" regardless of their specific education, specialty, training, and experience in this field. This has been considered unethical with a predominant objective of marketing to patients.The American Dental Association does not recognize cosmetic dentistry as a formal specialty area of dentistry.However, there are still dentists that promote themselves as cosmetic dentists.


Common Cosmetic Dentistry options

types

Cosmetic dentistry may involve:

the addition of a dental material to teeth or gums - examples: bonding, porcelain veneers (laminates), crowns (caps), gum grafts

the removal of tooth structure or gums - examples: enameloplasty, gingivectomy

neither adding nor removing dental materials, tooth structure, or gums - examples: teeth whitening (bleaching), gum depigmentation

straightening of teeth accompanied by improvement in appearance of face - Orthodontics

Examples

Whitening, or "tooth bleaching", is the most common cosmetic dental procedure. While many whitening options are now available, including over the counter products, dentist-supervised treatments remain the recommended procedures for lightening discolored teeth. 

Teeth reshaping (sculpting) and bonding performed in one office visit. 


 Tooth reshaping removes parts of the enamel to improve the appearance of the tooth. It may be used to correct a small chip, or to alter the length, shape or position of teeth; it can be used to correct crooked or excessively long teeth. The removed enamel is irreplaceable, and may sometimes exposedentin. It is also known as enameloplasty, odontoplasty, contouring, recontouring, slenderizing, stripping or sculpting.This procedure offers fast results and can even be a substitute for braces under certain circumstances.

 Bonding is a process in which an enamel-like dental composite material is applied to a tooth's surface, sculpted into shape, hardened and then polished.

Dental bridges are false teeth, known as a pontics, which are fused between two porcelain crowns to fill in areas left by missing teeth. Two crowns hold it in place, these are attached to adjacent sides of the false tooth. This is known as a fixed bridge. This procedure is used to replace one or more missing teeth. Fixed bridges cannot be taken out in the same way that partial dentures can. In areas of the mouth that are under less stress, such as the front teeth, a cantilever bridge may be used. Cantilever bridges are used when there are teeth on only one side of the open space. Bridges can reduce the risk of gum disease, help correct some bite issues and even improve your speech. Bridges require commitment to serious oral hygiene, but may last up to ten years or more.

Veneers are ultra-thin, custom-made porcelain laminates that are bonded directly to the teeth. They are an option for closing gaps or disguising discolored teeth that do not respond well to whitening procedures. Depending on the procedure, tooth reduction may be necessary.

 Gum lift is a cosmetic dental procedure that raises and sculpts the gum line. The procedure involves reshaping the tissue and/or underlying bones to create the appearance of longer or more symmetrical teeth.

Bite Reclamation: Patients who have had years of excessive wear to their teeth due to grinding or acid reflux can alter their vertical dimension. This gives them a closed or shorter look to their face and smile. By opening up their bite, a qualified professional can reclaim their vertical dimension and sometimes even remove unwanted wrinkles as well.


HQIMT is a leading resource for the latest news on orthodontics. You can stay our site to get more information.

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